定位

<p class="positioned">…</p>

.positioned {
  position: static;
  background: yellow;
}

position: relative;

top: 30px;
left: 30px;

<h1>Relative positioning</h1>

<p>
  I am a basic block level element. My adjacent block level elements sit on new
  lines below me.
</p>

<p class="positioned">
  By default we span 100% of the width of our parent element, and we are as tall
  as our child content. Our total width and height is our content + padding +
  border width/height.
</p>

<p>
  We are separated by our margins. Because of margin collapsing, we are
  separated by the width of one of our margins, not both.
</p>

<p>
  Inline elements <span>like this one</span> and <span>this one</span> sit on
  the same line as one another, and adjacent text nodes, if there is space on
  the same line. Overflowing inline elements
  <span>wrap onto a new line if possible — like this one containing text</span>,
  or just go on to a new line if not, much like this image will do:
  <img
    src="https://mdn.github.io/shared-assets/images/examples/long.jpg"
    alt="snippet of cloth" />
</p>

body {
  width: 500px;
  margin: 0 auto;
}

p {
  background: aqua;
  border: 3px solid blue;
  padding: 10px;
  margin: 10px;
}

span {
  background: red;
  border: 1px solid black;
}

.positioned {
  position: relative;
  background: yellow;
  top: 30px;
  left: 30px;
}

position: absolute;

<h1>Absolute positioning</h1>

<p>
  I am a basic block level element. My adjacent block level elements sit on new
  lines below me.
</p>

<p class="positioned">
  By default we span 100% of the width of our parent element, and we are as tall
  as our child content. Our total width and height is our content + padding +
  border width/height.
</p>

<p>
  We are separated by our margins. Because of margin collapsing, we are
  separated by the width of one of our margins, not both.
</p>

<p>
  inline elements <span>like this one</span> and <span>this one</span> sit on
  the same line as one another, and adjacent text nodes, if there is space on
  the same line. Overflowing inline elements
  <span>wrap onto a new line if possible — like this one containing text</span>,
  or just go on to a new line if not, much like this image will do:
  <img
    src="https://mdn.github.io/shared-assets/images/examples/long.jpg"
    alt="snippet of cloth" />
</p>

body {
  width: 500px;
  margin: 0 auto;
}

p {
  background: aqua;
  border: 3px solid blue;
  padding: 10px;
  margin: 10px;
}

span {
  background: red;
  border: 1px solid black;
}

.positioned {
  position: absolute;
  background: yellow;
  top: 30px;
  left: 30px;
}

position: relative;

<h1>Positioning context</h1>

<p>
  I am a basic block level element. My adjacent block level elements sit on new
  lines below me.
</p>

<p class="positioned">
  Now I'm absolutely positioned relative to the
  <code>&lt;body&gt;</code> element, not the <code>&lt;html&gt;</code> element!
</p>

<p>
  We are separated by our margins. Because of margin collapsing, we are
  separated by the width of one of our margins, not both.
</p>

<p>
  inline elements <span>like this one</span> and <span>this one</span> sit on
  the same line as one another, and adjacent text nodes, if there is space on
  the same line. Overflowing inline elements
  <span>wrap onto a new line if possible — like this one containing text</span>,
  or just go on to a new line if not, much like this image will do:
  <img
    src="https://mdn.github.io/shared-assets/images/examples/long.jpg"
    alt="snippet of cloth" />
</p>

body {
  width: 500px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  position: relative;
}

p {
  background: aqua;
  border: 3px solid blue;
  padding: 10px;
  margin: 10px;
}

span {
  background: red;
  border: 1px solid black;
}

.positioned {
  position: absolute;
  background: yellow;
  top: 30px;
  left: 30px;
}

p:nth-of-type(1) {
  position: absolute;
  background: lime;
  top: 10px;
  right: 30px;
}

z-index: 1;

<h1>z-index</h1>

<p>
  I am a basic block level element. My adjacent block level elements sit on new
  lines below me.
</p>

<p class="positioned">
  Now I'm absolutely positioned relative to the
  <code>&lt;body&gt;</code> element, not the <code>&lt;html&gt;</code> element!
</p>

<p>
  We are separated by our margins. Because of margin collapsing, we are
  separated by the width of one of our margins, not both.
</p>

<p>
  inline elements <span>like this one</span> and <span>this one</span> sit on
  the same line as one another, and adjacent text nodes, if there is space on
  the same line. Overflowing inline elements
  <span>wrap onto a new line if possible — like this one containing text</span>,
  or just go on to a new line if not, much like this image will do:
  <img
    src="https://mdn.github.io/shared-assets/images/examples/long.jpg"
    alt="snippet of cloth" />
</p>

body {
  width: 500px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  position: relative;
}

p {
  background: aqua;
  border: 3px solid blue;
  padding: 10px;
  margin: 10px;
}

span {
  background: red;
  border: 1px solid black;
}

.positioned {
  position: absolute;
  background: yellow;
  top: 30px;
  left: 30px;
}

p:nth-of-type(1) {
  position: absolute;
  background: lime;
  top: 10px;
  right: 30px;
  z-index: 1;
}

body {
  width: 500px;
  height: 1400px;
  margin: 0 auto;
}

h1 {
  position: fixed;
  top: 0;
  width: 500px;
  margin-top: 0;
  background: white;
  padding: 10px;
}

p:nth-of-type(1) {
  margin-top: 60px;
}

<h1>Fixed positioning</h1>

<p>
  I am a basic block level element. My adjacent block level elements sit on new
  lines below me.
</p>

<p class="positioned">I'm not positioned any more.</p>

<p>
  We are separated by our margins. Because of margin collapsing, we are
  separated by the width of one of our margins, not both.
</p>

<p>
  Inline elements <span>like this one</span> and <span>this one</span> sit on
  the same line as one another, and adjacent text nodes, if there is space on
  the same line. Overflowing inline elements
  <span>wrap onto a new line if possible — like this one containing text</span>,
  or just go on to a new line if not, much like this image will do:
  <img
    src="https://mdn.github.io/shared-assets/images/examples/long.jpg"
    alt="snippet of cloth" />
</p>

body {
  width: 500px;
  height: 1400px;
  margin: 0 auto;
}

p {
  background: aqua;
  border: 3px solid blue;
  padding: 10px;
  margin: 10px;
}

span {
  background: red;
  border: 1px solid black;
}

h1 {
  position: fixed;
  top: 0px;
  width: 500px;
  background: white;
  padding: 10px;
}

p:nth-of-type(1) {
  margin-top: 60px;
}

<h1>Sticky positioning</h1>

<p>
  Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Nulla luctus aliquam
  dolor, eu lacinia lorem placerat vulputate. Duis felis orci, pulvinar id metus
  ut, rutrum luctus orci. Cras porttitor imperdiet nunc, at ultricies tellus
  laoreet sit amet. Sed auctor cursus massa at porta. Integer ligula ipsum,
  tristique sit amet orci vel, viverra egestas ligula. Curabitur vehicula tellus
  neque, ac ornare ex malesuada et. In vitae convallis lacus. Aliquam erat
  volutpat. Suspendisse ac imperdiet turpis. Aenean finibus sollicitudin eros
  pharetra congue. Duis ornare egestas augue ut luctus. Proin blandit quam nec
  lacus varius commodo et a urna. Ut id ornare felis, eget fermentum sapien.
</p>

<div class="positioned">Sticky</div>

<p>
  Nam vulputate diam nec tempor bibendum. Donec luctus augue eget malesuada
  ultrices. Phasellus turpis est, posuere sit amet dapibus ut, facilisis sed
  est. Nam id risus quis ante semper consectetur eget aliquam lorem. Vivamus
  tristique elit dolor, sed pretium metus suscipit vel. Mauris ultricies lectus
  sed lobortis finibus. Vivamus eu urna eget velit cursus viverra quis
  vestibulum sem. Aliquam tincidunt eget purus in interdum. Cum sociis natoque
  penatibus et magnis dis parturient montes, nascetur ridiculus mus.
</p>

<p>
  Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Nulla luctus aliquam
  dolor, eu lacinia lorem placerat vulputate. Duis felis orci, pulvinar id metus
  ut, rutrum luctus orci. Cras porttitor imperdiet nunc, at ultricies tellus
  laoreet sit amet. Sed auctor cursus massa at porta. Integer ligula ipsum,
  tristique sit amet orci vel, viverra egestas ligula. Curabitur vehicula tellus
  neque, ac ornare ex malesuada et. In vitae convallis lacus. Aliquam erat
  volutpat. Suspendisse ac imperdiet turpis. Aenean finibus sollicitudin eros
  pharetra congue. Duis ornare egestas augue ut luctus. Proin blandit quam nec
  lacus varius commodo et a urna. Ut id ornare felis, eget fermentum sapien.
</p>

body {
  width: 500px;
  margin: 0 auto;
}

.positioned {
  background: rgb(255 84 104 / 30%);
  border: 2px solid rgb(255 84 104);
  padding: 10px;
  margin: 10px;
  border-radius: 5px;
}

.positioned {
  position: sticky;
  top: 30px;
  left: 30px;
}

<h1>Sticky positioning</h1>

<dl>
  <dt>A</dt>
  <dd>Apple</dd>
  <dd>Ant</dd>
  <dd>Altimeter</dd>
  <dd>Airplane</dd>
  <dt>B</dt>
  <dd>Bird</dd>
  <dd>Buzzard</dd>
  <dd>Bee</dd>
  <dd>Banana</dd>
  <dd>Beanstalk</dd>
  <dt>C</dt>
  <dd>Calculator</dd>
  <dd>Cane</dd>
  <dd>Camera</dd>
  <dd>Camel</dd>
  <dt>D</dt>
  <dd>Duck</dd>
  <dd>Dime</dd>
  <dd>Dipstick</dd>
  <dd>Drone</dd>
  <dt>E</dt>
  <dd>Egg</dd>
  <dd>Elephant</dd>
  <dd>Egret</dd>
</dl>

dt {
  background-color: black;
  color: white;
  padding: 10px;
  position: sticky;
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
  margin: 1em 0;
}

body {
  width: 500px;
  height: 880px;
  margin: 0 auto;
}